Best Practises for Los Angeles - Singapore ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The Los Angeles (LAX) - Singapore (SIN) direct flight transits through Oakland, Manila and Singapore FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)
UPRs between the United States and South Pacific airports have been operational on a daily basis since December, 2000. Information for the filing of a UPR flight plan between Los Angeles and Singapore is published in regional NOTAMs. Although detailed analysis has not been conducted, the FAA estimates savings of 9.61 Million kg fuel, and 30.3 Million kg CO2 per year from UPR's between the US and South Pacific airports.
Dynamic Airborne Reroute Procedure (DARP)
The DARP procedure is available on request in the Oakland Oceanic FIR. DARP procedures in the South Pacific are specified in the Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD).
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS DataLink flights between Los Angeles and Singapore. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace. The standard is administered by ATC as needed to maintain separation assurance. In the Oakland FIR (KZOA), 30/30 was implemented on an operational trial basis December 2005 in segments of KZOA. The 30/30 trials expanded to the entire Oakland Oceanic FIR in March 2007.
Time-Based Arrivals Management
Arrival Flow Management was implemented into Changi Airport in June 2006 and provides airlines with timing at arrival points that are used by controllers to meter and sequence aircraft. If extensive delay is required, aircraft are offered the option to either hold en-route at high levels or reduce speed to meet the arrival points.
Arrivals Optimization
Optimum Profile Descent (OPD) operational trials were carried out with Singapore Airlines in 2009 and 2010 to assess the feasibility of implementing the OPD procedures for arrivals into Changi Airport. The ASPIRE "Green Flight" from LAX-NRT-SIN successfully carried out the OPD when landing in Changi Airport on 1 February 2010. The OPD procedure is available to all Singapore Airlines flights flying this city pair.
Best Practises for Singapore - Melbourne ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The Singapore to Melbourne direct flight transits through Singapore, Jakarta, Brisbane, and Melbourne FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)/Flex Tracks
As part of the Australian AUSOTS program flights between Singapore and Melbourne are provided with optimised off airways route. This route is designed by Qantas Airways each day, reviewed by Airservices Australia, and then made available to all flights operating between the city pair. In circumstances where fixed routes are in use and the implementation of UPRs in continental airspace is not practicable in the medium term, flexible track systems can be considered as an interim best practice as they are vastly more efficient than fixed ATS routes.
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation Minima
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS Datalink flights between Singapore and Melbourne. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace. The standard is administered by ATC as needed to maintain separation assurance. It will be applicable in Brisbane and Melbourne FIRs.
Time-Based Arrivals Management
Time based Arrivals Flow management has been available in Melbourne since 2001 and provides airlines with timing at arrival points that are used by controllers to meter and sequence aircraft.
Arrivals Optimization
Flights into Melbourne from Singapore are provided with ATM environmental best practices which allow customers to improve the fuel efficiency during final descent phase. Flights are assigned runway end stars so the lateral profile for the arrival is known in advance and these flights are also provided with a Constant Descent Arrival.
Best Practises for Sydney - Los Angeles ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The SYD-LAX flight transits through Melbourne, Brisbane, Auckland Oceanic, Nadi, Tahiti, and Oakland FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)
User Preferred Routes between the Australasia and the United States have been operational on a daily basis since December, 2000.
Dynamic Airborne Reroute Procedure (DARP)
The DARP procedure is available on request in the Oakland and Auckland Oceanic FIRs. DARP procedures in the South Pacific are specified in the Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD).
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS DataLink flights in the majority of airspace between Sydney and Los Angeles. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace.
Time-Based Arrivals Management
LAX Time Based Flow Management (TBFM) stm1s up almost daily at 7:00 AM PDT and runs until 11 :00 PM PDT. Metering is done with times on the glass, resulting in smoother flows and more predictable workloads.
Arrivals Optimisation
The first daily Tailored Arrival (TA) operations began at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in November 2009 as part of ASPIRE. The Los Angeles (KLAX) CATALINA TA is planned to transition from an operational evaluation to an implementation by the 4th quarter of 2012.
Best Practises for Sydney - San Francisco ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The SYD-SFO flight transits through Oakland, Nadi, Tahiti, Auckland Oceanic, Brisbane and Melbourne FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)
User Preferred Routes between Australasia and the United States have been operational on a daily basis since December, 2000.
Dynamic Airborne Reroute Procedure (DARP)
The DARP procedure is available on request in the Oakland Oceanic FIR. DARP procedures in the South Pacific are specified in the Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD).
Arrivals Optimisation
Tailored Arrivals have been available into SFO since December 2007. Since that time 33% (1203) of flights requesting have gotten full TAs and 67% (2407) of flights requesting have gotten partial TAs. From March-August 2010, 570 full or partial TAs were granted into SFO.
Best Practises for Los Angeles - Melbourne ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The Los Angeles (LAX) - Melbourne (MEL) flight transits through Los Angeles, Oakland, Nadi, Tahiti, Auckland Oceanic, Brisbane and Melbourne FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)
User Preferred Routes between the Australasia and the United States have been operational on a daily basis since December, 2000.
Dynamic Airborne Reroute Procedure (DARP)
The DARP procedure is available on request in the Oakland Oceanic FIR. DARP procedures in the South Pacific are specified in the Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD). Although not currently utilised on this city pair it is likely in the future that the participating Airlines will be capable of utilising DARP.
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS Datalink flights in the majority of airspace between Los Angeles and Melbourne. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace.
Time-Based Arrivals Management
Time based Arrivals Flow management has been available in Melbourne since 2001 and provides airlines with timing at arrival points that are used by controllers to meter and sequence aircraft.
Arrivals Optimisation
Flights into Melbourne from Los Angeles are provided with ATM environmental best practices which allow customers to improve the fuel efficiency during final descent phase. Flights are assigned runway end stars, so the lateral profile for the arrival is known in advance and these flights are also provided with a Constant Descent Arrival.
Best Practises for Melbourne - Los Angeles ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The MEL-LAX flight transits through Melbourne, Brisbane, Auckland Oceanic, Nadi, Tahiti, and Oakland FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)
User Preferred Routes between the Australasia and the United States have been operational on a daily basis since December, 2000.
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation \
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS DataLink flights in the majority of airspace between Sydney and Los Angeles. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace.
Time-Based Arrivals Management
LAX Time Based Flow Management (TBFM) stm1s up almost daily at 7:00 AM PDT and runs until 11 :00 PM PDT. Metering is done with times on the glass, resulting in smoother flows and more predictable workloads.
Arrivals Optimisation
The first daily Tailored Arrival (TA) operations began at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in November 2009 as part of ASPIRE. The Los Angeles (KLAX) CATALINA TA is planned to transition from an operational evaluation to an implementation by the 4th quarter of 2012.
Best Practises for Auckland - San Francisco ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
Over the last decade the Auckland to San Francisco city pair has been at the forefront of developing more efficient practices in air traffic management such as reduced separation, dynamic airborne reroutes, and continuous decent operations. The inaugural ASPIRE test flight was also conducted between AKL and SFO. While not the most densely trafficked airspace it does cross over several Flight Information Regions and multiple best practices are available that can be utilised to maximize fuel burn and reduce emissions.
Departure Optimization
Airways New Zealand is able to offer direct on track and unrestricted climb for flights departing Auckland (subject to noise environment mitigation procedures).
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)
A User Preferred Route (UPR) during the oceanic phase of flight is a route customised in order to meet the specific fuel optimisation needs of the aircraft for that flight. A UPR will be calculated by the arilines flight dispatch based on factors such as forecasted winds, type aircraft and aircraft performance, convective weather and scheduling requirements. UPRs are a favoured enhancement to oceanic operations where air traffic control (ATC) limitations previously required that aircraft fly on fixed air traffic services (ATS) routes, or flexible published track systems. This enhancement is directly attributable to the implementation of ground and airborne improvements such as automated conflict prediction, conformance monitoring and automatic dependent surveillance (ADS). When UPRs are created based on fuel optimisation considerations, the corresponding savings in greenhouse gas emissions can be substantial.
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation Minima
Reduced separation minima allows more aircraft access to optimum routings and altitudes; the enhanced efficiencies of optimum routes and altitudes can result in lower fuel burn and reduced emissions.
Arrivals Optimization
For flights arriving into San Francisco the FAA is able to provide Tailored Arrivals. Tailored Arrivals is a procedure where trajectories are dynamically optimised for each aircraft to permit a fuel-efficient, low-noise descent profile that has imbedded compliance with arrival sequencing requirements and other airspace constraints.
Best Practises for Melbourne - Singapore ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The MEL-SIN direct flight transits through and Melbourne, Brisbane, Jakarta, and Singapore FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)/Flex Tracks
As part of the Australian AUSOTS program, flights between Melbourne and Singapore are provided with optimised off airways route. This route is designed by Airservices Australia each day based upon the prevailing winds, and then made available to all flights operating between the city pair. In circumstances where fixed routes are in use and the implementation of UPRs in continental airspace is not practicable in the medium term, flexible track systems can be considered as an interim best practice as they are vastly more efficient than fixed ATS routes.
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS Datalink flights between Melbourne and Singapore. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace. The standard is administered by ATC as needed to maintain separation assurance. It will be applicable in Brisbane and Melbourne FIRs..
Time-Based Arrivals Management
Time based Arrivals Flow management has been available in Singapore since 1H 2008 and provides airlines with timing at arrival points that are used by controllers to meter and sequence aircraft.
Arrivals Optimisation
Flights into Singapore from Melbourne are provided with ATM environmental best practices which allow customers to improve the fuel efficiency during final descent phase. Flights are assigned runway end STARs so the lateral profile for the arrival is known in advance and these flights are also provided with a Constant Descent Arrival.
Best Practises for Sydney - Singapore ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The SYD-SIN direct flight transits through and Melbourne, Brisbane, Jakarta, and Singapore FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)/Flex Tracks
As part of the Australian AUSOTS program, flights between Sydney and Singapore are provided with optimised off airways route. This route is designed by Airservices Australia each day based upon the prevailing winds, and then made available to all flights operating between the city pair. In circumstances where fixed routes are in use and the implementation of UPRs in continental airspace is not practicable in the medium term, flexible track systems can be considered as an interim best practice as they are vastly more efficient than fixed ATS routes.
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS Datalink flights between Sydney and Singapore. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace. The standard is administered by ATC as needed to maintain separation assurance. It will be applicable in Brisbane and Melbourne FIRs.
Time-Based Arrivals Management
Time based Arrivals Flow management has been available in Singapore since 1H 2008 and provides airlines with timing at arrival points that are used by controllers to meter and sequence aircraft.
Arrivals Optimisation
Flights into Singapore from Sydney are provided with ATM environmental best practices which allow customers to improve the fuel efficiency during final descent phase. Flights are assigned runway end STARs so the lateral profile for the arrival is known in advance and these flights are also provided with a Constant Descent Arrival.
Best Practises for Singapore - Sydney ASPIRE Daily Route
Background
The SIN-SYD direct flight transits through Singapore, Jakarta, Brisbane, and Melbourne FIRs where multiple Air Traffic Management best practices are currently available to be utilised for the flight to minimise fuel burn and reduce emissions.
User-Preferred Routes (UPRs)/Flex Tracks
s part of the Australian AUSOTS program, flights between Singapore and Sydney are provided with optimised off airways route. This route is designed by Qantas Airways each day, reviewed by Airservices Australia, and then made available to all flights operating between the city pair. In circumstances where fixed routes are in use and the implementation of UPRs in continental airspace is not practicable in the medium term, flexible track systems can be considered as an interim best practice as they are vastly more efficient than fixed ATS routes.
30/30 Reduced Oceanic Separation
30nm lateral and 30nm longitudinal separation standards (30/30) are available for all RNP-4 FANS Datalink flights between Singapore and Sydney. The 30/30 standard is the smallest approved separation standard for oceanic/remote airspace. The standard is administered by ATC as needed to maintain separation assurance. It will be applicable in Brisbane and Melbourne FIRs.
Time-Based Arrivals Management
Time based Arrivals Flow management has been available in Sydney since 2001 and provides airlines with timing at arrival points that are used by controllers to meter and sequence aircraft.
ASPIRE Daily
Daily Routes
Background
The ASPIRE (Asia Pacific Initiative to Reduce Emissions) partnership was formed in 2008; a partnership between Airways New Zealand, the Federal Aviation Administration and Airservices Australia. Membership has since extended to include CAAS (Singapore) and JCAB (Japan). Its pre-eminence in collaborative air traffic management and environmental stewardship has been globally acknowledged.
Following a series of demonstration flights in 2008 - linking NZ, Australia and the US – extensive data gathering and performance modelling has occurred to allow the success of these 'one-off' test flights to be repeated on a daily basis for aircraft flying across Asia and the Pacific.
Figure: Best practices for ASPIRE Daily routes
Daily City Pairs
Following a series of ASPIRE demonstration flights in 2008 - linking NZ, Australia and the US – extensive data gathering and performance modelling has occurred to allow the success of these 'one-off' test flights to be repeated on a daily basis for aircraft flying across Asia and the Pacific.
The first ASPIRE Daily City Pair was launched on February 21, 2011 between Auckland and San Francisco. Additional routes will come on line regularly, with several routes across the Eastern and Western part of the Asia Pacific region already active or planned.
What are ASPIRE Daily City Pairs?
ASPIRE Daily City Pair flights operate under optimal flight plan conditions, utilising:
- User preferred Routes (UPRs)
- Dynamic Airborne Re-routing Procedures (DARPs)
- 30/30 in the Oceanic environment
- Time-Based Arrivals Management
- Arrivals Optimisation
- Departure Optimisation, and
- Surface Movement Optimisation.
ASPIRE Daily City Pairs are certified with a star rating system based on the number of best-practice procedures available – e.g. using three best practice options will gain a three star rating; with a current maximum of five. Airlines track and report usage of their nominated ASPIRE Daily best practices through the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
Available Best Practices |
Star Rating |
3 |
3 |
 |
4 - 6 |
4 |
 |
7 |
5 |
|
Table: Best practice Daily City Pair star ratings
IATA has endorsed the ASPIRE Daily best practices, city pair nominations and star ratings - providing critical value for ANSPs and the airline industry.
ASPIRE Daily City Pairs ultimately deliver 'gate to gate' environmental best practice to airlines operating throughout the Asia-Pacific region. They are also an endorsement for travellers and communities that the industry is collectively committed to implementing world's best practice in air traffic management and environmental stewardship.
"Of critical importance now is to get the attention of airline passengers. They see governments imposing environmental taxes on long-haul flight, yet what they'd prefer to be seeing is an industry taking active steps to reduce its environmental impact. That's ASPIRE: a network of partners across the world who are collectively committed to implementing world's best practice in air traffic management and environmental stewardship – every single day."
Doug Scott, Chairman of the ASPIRE Partnership
ASPIRE Daily is about route utilisation more than it is about fuel and emissions savings. Both will result – but our focus is on how much can be saved by airlines globally when they utilise concepts and technologies in flight efficiency in all phases of commercial flight.
The aviation sector has committed to taking a 'whole-of-industry' approach, through ICAO, to reduce emissions by 2% per annum until 2050. Whilst technology will certainly aid this goal, ANSPs must continue to be proactive to ensure infrastructure, technology and ATM procedures complement airborne capability.
The aviation industry has gone beyond Government proposals to introduce 'travel taxes' taking proactive measures to reduce the environmental footprint of flight. ASPIRE Daily is a working example of what can be achieved through intercontinental, inter-agency, airline and ANSP cooperation. Built on solid metrics, ASPIRE Daily is the first in a series of future improvements that will deliver significant environmental outcomes in one of the world's fastest growing aviation markets.
